Ua ntej peb yuav tsum to taub yuav ua li cas lub hnub ci hlwb ua hauj lwm.Photovoltaic fais fab tiam yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub photogenerating volt nyhuv, uas yog hais txog lub phenomenon uas dc voltage (los yog tam sim no) yuav generated thaum lub semiconductor ntaus ntawv ntawm ib tug tej yam qauv yog irradiated los ntawm lub teeb, thiab qhov hluav taws xob (lossis tam sim no) yuav ploj mus tam sim tom qab lub teeb nres irradiated.Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw loj ntawm PN junction.Raws li lub teeb irradiation, lub photon nrog lub zog ntau dua qhov dav ntawm semiconductor band gap excites lub valence electrons ntawm lub atom nyob rau hauv lub semiconductor, ua rau photoelectron-qhov khub, tseem hu ua photocarriers, nyob rau hauv P cheeb tsam, chaw them nqi cheeb tsam thiab N cheeb tsam.Cov electron-qhov khub yog li tsim migrate nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia vim thermal motion.Tom qab Lub photoelectron-qhov khub yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw them nqi cheeb tsam, nws yog tam sim ntawd sib cais los ntawm lub built-in hluav taws xob teb, thiab lub photoelectron-qhov khub yog paug. Nyob rau hauv lub N cheeb tsam thiab lub photoelectron-qhov khub mus rau hauv lub P cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov carrier concentration nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm lub chaw them nqi cheeb tsam yog kwv yees li xoom. Nyob rau hauv lub N cheeb tsam, tom qab lub photoelectron-qhov yog generated, lub photoelectron-qhov diffuses. mus rau thaj tsam ntawm PN kev sib tshuam. Thaum nws mus txog ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm PN hlws ris, nws raug cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tsim hluav taws xob thiab txav mus rau hauv cheeb tsam P nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, hla thaj chaw them nqi thiab nkag mus rau thaj tsam P, Thaum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob (feem ntau cov neeg nqa khoom) tau tso rau hauv thaj av N.Cov photogenerated electrons nyob rau hauv thaj av P kuj diffuse mus rau ciam teb ntawm PN hlws ris, thiab thaum lawv ncav cuag ciam teb ntawm PN junction, lawv ya mus rau hauv lub N. cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub built-in electric teb, thaum lub photogenerated qhov (feem ntau cov cab kuj) tseem nyob rau hauv lub P cheeb tsam.
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